SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Lightbulb socket</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lightbulb socket</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lampholder" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="Candle_holder_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Candle holder (disambiguation)">candle holder (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lamp base" redirects here. For bases for lamps, see <a href="Lamp_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lamp (disambiguation)">lamp (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<p>A <b>lightbulb socket</b>, <b>lightbulb holder,</b> <b>light socket</b>, <b>lamp socket</b> or <b>lamp holder</b> is a device which mechanically supports and provides electrical connections for a compatible electric <a href="Lamp_(electrical_component)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamp (electrical component)">lamp</a> base.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sockets allow lamps to be safely and conveniently replaced (re-lamping). There are many different standards for lampholders, including early <i>de facto</i> standards and later standards created by various <a href="Standards_bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Standards bodies">standards bodies</a>. Many of the later standards conform to a general coding system in which a socket type is designated by a letter or abbreviation followed by a number.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The most common type of sockets for <a href="Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">mains electricity</a> are <a href="Edison_screw" title="Edison screw">Edison screws</a>, used in continental Europe and North America, while <a href="Bayonet_mount" title="Bayonet mount">bayonet mounts</a> dominate in the <a href="Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries, except Canada, and in the automotive industry. <a href="Fluorescent_lamps" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent lamps">Fluorescent lamps</a> typically require a two-pin, unthreaded socket.

</p><p>Not all lamps require a socket; for example, some miniature lamps have wire leads suitable for direct connection to screw terminals or other wires, and some reflector lamps provide screw terminals for electrical connections.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Early experimental incandescent lamps employed wire leads which had to be connected to screw terminals, but this was inconvenient for commercial use. The Edison organization used simple wooden receptacles with internal copper strips for lamps on the commercial steamship <i><a href="SS_Columbia_(1880)" title="SS Columbia (1880)">SS Columbia</a></i>, the first ship to use electric light bulbs. These sockets included switches, but required bulbs to be mounted upright.

</p><p>The Edison organization developed a screw-base in 1880 which was initially made of wood but later made of <a href="Plaster" title="Plaster">plaster of Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many competitive designs of lamps and sockets appeared in the early era of incandescent lighting, which often were incompatible with other designs.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_materials">Construction and materials</h2></div>

<p>The construction of a lampholder socket defines and limits its intended primary use. Ceramic insulation can withstand considerably higher <a href="Operating_temperature" title="Operating temperature">operating temperatures</a> than bakelite or other plastics. The electrical components and wires must be designed to carry the intended current plus a safety factor.

</p><p>The contact surface area, thickness and conductivity of the metal, connection methods and maximum operating temperature must all be considered in the design of a new socket. In addition, mechanical factors such as shape of the socket, fixture mounting and attachment, lamp support, ease of re-lamping and total cost of manufacture must be considered. Sockets designed for ordinary household and industrial use have much more design leeway than those used in precision applications.

</p><p>The lampholder must be located far enough from the filament that the metals with the lowest melting point will remain solid. Historically this metal was a tin/lead <a href="Solder" title="Solder">solder</a> whose melting point might be as low as 180 °C (356 °F) Due to the thermal changes from ambient temperature to full operating temperature, the design of a socket must allow for a considerable amount of expansion and contraction. Spring elements are required to accommodate these dimensional changes. However, the temperature at which a metal loses its spring is far below the melting point. This is why some older sockets that no longer work can be restored by prying up the base spring slightly.

</p><p>Lampholder failures are usually caused by mechanical abuse or by overheating. A socket with a built-in switch is far more likely to fail in normal use as the switch parts wear out. Insulation failures are usually caused by impacts or by difficulty inserting or removing a lamp. Sockets used outdoors or in damp areas often suffer from corrosion which can cause the lamp to "stick" in the socket and attempts to change a lamp can result in breakage of either the lamp or the lampholder. The corrosion is not only environmentally produced but may be a result of the current flowing through the parts when there is appreciable resistance between the parts. Fixtures in such environments may require gaskets or other waterproofing methods to prevent buildup of moisture in the socket area.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edison_screw_bases">Edison screw bases</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Edison_screw#Types" title="Edison screw">Edison screw § Types</a></div>

<ul><li>E10s Miniature (Flashlight lamp)</li>

<li>E11s Mini-Candelabra</li>

<li>E12s Candelabra</li>

<li>E14s European</li>

<li>E17s Intermediate</li>

<li>E26s Medium</li>

<li>E26d <a href="3-way_lamp" title="3-way lamp">Three-way</a> Medium (modified socket with additional ring contact for 3-way lamps)</li>

<li>E27s European</li>

<li>E39s Mogul</li>

<li>E39d Three-way Mogul (modified socket with additional ring contact for 3-way lamps)</li>

<li>E40s European</li>

<li>Skirted (PAR-38)</li></ul>

<p>The light bulb commonly used since the early 20th century for general-purpose lighting applications, with a pear-like shape and an Edison screw base, is referred to as an "<a href="A-series_light_bulb" title="A-series light bulb">A-series light bulb</a>." This most common general purpose bulb type would be classed as "A19/E26" or the metric version "A60/E27".

</p>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Bi-pin_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-pin connector">Bi-pin connector</a></div>

<p>With bi-post bases, the lamp orientation is fixed so that the filament will always be in the focal plane. Filament configurations such as the C13D (coiled, zigzagged) emit far more light perpendicular to the zigzag than parallel to it.

</p>

<ul><li>Mogul bi-post (G38) can handle up to 100 amps and is used with searchlights and film & stage lighting fixtures of 1000 watts or larger. Incandescent, halogen and HMI light sources use this design.</li>

<li>Medium bi-post (G22) is used with film & stage lighting fixtures between 250 and 1000 watts.</li>

<p>Common types:

</p>

<ul><li>G4 – 4 mm (0.15748 in) pin spacing

<ul><li><small>GU4 & GZ4 – same as G4 and only denote what lamp mount clip is needed to hold the actual light bulb in place</small></li></ul></li>

<li>G5.3 – 5.3 mm (0.20866 in) pin spacing

<ul><li><small>GU5.3, GX5.3, GY5.3, GZ5.3 – same as G5.3 and only denote what lamp mount clip is needed to hold the actual light bulb in place</small></li></ul></li>

<li>G6.35 – 6.35 mm (0.25 in)spacing

<ul><li><small>GY6.35 & GZ6.35 – same as G6.35 and only denote what lamp mount clip is needed to hold the actual light bulb in place</small></li></ul></li>

<li>G8 – 8 mm (0.31496 in) pin spacing

<ul><li><small>GU8 – same as G8 and only denotes what lamp mount clip is needed to hold the actual light bulb in place</small></li></ul></li>

<li>GY8.6 – 8.6 mm (0.33858 in) pin spacing</li>

<li>G9 – 9 mm (0.35433 in) pin spacing</li>

<li>G12 – 12 mm (0.47244 in) pin spacing</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bi-pin_connector">Bi-pin connector</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Bi-pin_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-pin connector">Bi-pin connector</a></div>

<ul><li>Medium bi-pin is used on each end of a T12 fluorescent lamp</li>

<li>Mini bi-pin is used with MR16 halogen lamps</li></ul>

<p>The two-pin socket is an update of the bi-post design with smaller pins designed to reduce the cost of manufacture. The 1000-watt <a href="FEL_lamp" title="FEL lamp">FEL</a> medium two-pin base halogen lamp allows designers to insert the lamp into the end of the ellipsoidal reflector through a smaller hole than previously possible with conventional incandescent lamps. This improves efficiency compared to the older side-inserted lamp or a double-ended lamp which requires two holes. One variation is the polarized two-pin socket – used primarily in <a href="Projector" title="Projector">projectors</a>, which defines the exact positioning of the filament on one side. This improves the "point source" characteristic necessary for building complex optical systems.

</p><p>Another facet of the two-pin design is that many new designs of lamps use baseless glass envelopes. The wire leads are thickened and crimped in the glass envelope of the lamp base. The MR16 is an example of this design; the actual lamp is inserted into the reflector with the leads sticking out and a ceramic paste used to glue it in.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bayonet_styles">Bayonet styles</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Bayonet_mount" title="Bayonet mount">Bayonet mount</a></div>

<ul><li>BA9s Miniature bayonet</li>

<li>B15s Single Contact Bayonet</li>

<li>B15d Double Contact Bayonet</li>

<li>BA15d Indexed DC Bayonet</li>

<li>B22d Double Contact Bayonet – the standard "BC" (bayonet cap) used for domestic lighting in the UK and other Commonwealth countries.</li>

<li>Bayonet Candelabra with prefocusing collar</li>

<li>P28s Medium prefocus</li>

<li>P40s Mogul prefocus</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wedge_base">Wedge base</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Wedge_base" title="Wedge base">Wedge base</a></div>

<p>Miniature lamps may have a <a href="Wedge_base" title="Wedge base">wedge base</a> made of glass or plastic. The base may be an extension of the glass envelope of the bulb, with the wire leads of the lamp folded up at the base. Some wedge bases are made of plastic and slipped over the wire leads. A wedge base holds the lamp by spring compression in the socket. The lamp is inserted and removed without twisting. Wedge base lamps are widely used in automotive applications, and many <a href="Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Christmas lights</a> strings use plastic wedge-based bulbs.

</p><p>Other wedge bases include strip lamps, sometimes called <i>architectural lamps</i>, with S14s connections. These lamps are used in display cabinets or over mirrors and have been widely replaced by LED equivalents.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fluorescent_tubular_lamp">Fluorescent tubular lamp</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Fluorescent-lamp_formats" title="Fluorescent-lamp formats">Fluorescent-lamp formats</a></div><p>Fluorescent Linear Tube Light bulbs are measured in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> of inches. So a T12 fluorescent is <span class="frac"><span class="num">12</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> of an inch in diameter or <span class="frac"><span class="num">12</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> = 1.50"

</p><ul><li>T4 – 4/8 or 0.500 in (12.7 mm) in diameter</li>

<li>T5 – 5/8 or 0.625 in (15.875 mm) in diameter</li>

<li>T8 – 8/8 or 1.00 in (25.4 mm) in diameter</li>

<li>T10 – 10/8 or 1.25 in (31.75 mm) in diameter</li>

<li>T12 – 12/8 or 1.5 in (38.1 mm) in diameter</li></ul>

<p>Linear tubes are usually equipped on both sides with G13 <a href="Bi-pin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-pin">bi-pin</a> socket (T8, T10, T12) or G5 bi-pin socket (T4, T5). Other sockets are used for <a href="Compact_fluorescent_lamp" title="Compact fluorescent lamp">compact fluorescent lamps</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lamp_base_styles">Lamp base styles</h2></div>

<th>Abbreviation</th>

<th>Term

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Candelabra

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Double contact bayonet candelabra

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Double contact prefocus candelabra

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Extended mogul end prong ferrule contact

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Ferrule contact

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Minican

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Medium

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Medium bipost

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Medium Prefocus

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Medium Skirted

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Medium two pin

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Mogul End Prong

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Mogul

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Mogul bipost

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Mogul prefocus

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Miniature screw (with reference shoulder)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Medium side prong

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>G38 mogul bipost

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Also known as a double ended <a href="Halogen_lamp" title="Halogen lamp">halogen lamp</a>. Mainly used with linear halogen lamps measuring 118mm or 78mm.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Rectangular recessed single contact

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Rim mount two pin

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Recessed single contact

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Metal sleeve

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Single contact bayonet

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Single contact prefocus

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sleeve with threaded pin

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sleeve with threaded pin

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Screw terminal

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>TruBeam two pin

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Trufocus (also four pin)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Tru-Loc miniature screw

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Two button

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Two pin all glass

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Two pin all glass with ceramic cover

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Two pin miniature

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Two pin prefocus

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Three prong

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>Some of the above base styles are now obsolete. The trend in recent years has been to design newer bases to reduce waste of raw materials and simplify the replacement process.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2></div>

<p><a href="International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (IEC)

</p>

<ul><li>IEC 60061-1, <i>Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety - Part 1: Lamp caps</i><sup id="cite_ref-IEC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>IEC 60061-2, <i>Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety - Part 2: Lampholders</i><sup id="cite_ref-IEC_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>IEC 60061-3, <i>Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety - Part 3: Gauges</i><sup id="cite_ref-IEC_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>IEC 60061-4, <i>Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety - Part 4: Guidelines and general information</i><sup id="cite_ref-IEC_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>The United States standards for lamp sockets are published by <a href="ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI</a> and developed by <a href="NEMA" class="mw-redirect" title="NEMA">NEMA</a>, are generally harmonized with the relevant <a href="International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> standards and include:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>ANSI_IEC C78.81, American National Standard For Electric Lamps—Doublecapped Fluorescent Lamps-Dimensional and Electrical Characteristics</li>

<li>ANSI_IEC C81.61, <i>American National Standard for Electrical Lamp Bases - Specifications for Bases (Caps) for Electric Lamps</i></li>

<li>ANSI_IEC C81.62, <i>American National Standard for Electric Lampholders</i></li>

<li>ANSI_IEC C81.63, <i>American National Standard for Gauges for Electric Lamp Bases and Lampholders</i></li>

<li>ANSI C81.64, <i>American National Standard for Guidelines and General Information for Electric Lamp Bases, Lampholders, and Gauges<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_automotive_light_bulb_types" title="List of automotive light bulb types">List of automotive light bulb types</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ABCNuipNm0C&q=edison+lamp+socket+GAS+thread&pg=PP755"><i>Specifications and Drawings of Patents Relating to Electricity: Issued by the United States...</i></a> U.S. Government Printing Office. 1882. pp. 755–.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130816132543/http://www.ledgu10dimbaar.nl/website/index.php?TreeItem=391161&NewsItem=28097">"The Advantages of Using LED Verlichting"</a>. <i>The Difference of Connections</i>. LED Spots & LED Inbouwspots. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ledgu10dimbaar.nl/website/index.php?TreeItem=391161&NewsItem=28097">the original</a> on 16 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Friedel, Paul Israel, <i>Edison's Electric Light: Biography of an Invention</i>, Rutgers University Press, 1986, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8135-1118-6</bdi>, pp. 169-171</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-IEC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IEC_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60061%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf">"IEC 60061 - Lamp caps and holders"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Electrotechnical Commission. 2020-11-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nema.org/Standards/ComplimentaryDocuments/C81-64-2005-R2014-Contents-and-Scope.pdf">"American National Standard for Guidelines and General Information for Electric Lamp Bases, Lampholders, and Gauges"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.nema.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lampholder_sockets" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Lampholder sockets">Lampholder sockets</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lighting520" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Lighting520" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Accent_lighting" title="Accent lighting">Accent lighting</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_rendering_index" title="Color rendering index">Color rendering index</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li>

<li><a href="Electric_light" title="Electric light">Electric light</a></li>

<li><a href="Glare_(vision)" title="Glare (vision)">Glare</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_fixture" title="Light fixture">Light fixture</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">Light pollution</a>

<ul><li><a href="Light_pollution_in_Hawaii" title="Light pollution in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li>

<li>

<li><a href="Edison_screw" title="Edison screw">Edison screw</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Luminous_efficacy" title="Luminous efficacy">Luminous efficacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Task_lighting" title="Task lighting">Task lighting</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods of<br> generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Incandescence" class="mw-redirect" title="Incandescence">Incandescent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">Regular</a></li>

<li><a href="Edison_light_bulb" title="Edison light bulb">Edison</a></li>

<li><a href="Halogen_lamp" title="Halogen lamp">Halogen</a></li>

<li><a href="Nernst_lamp" title="Nernst lamp">Nernst</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Luminescence" title="Luminescence">Luminescent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cathodoluminescence" title="Cathodoluminescence">Cathodoluminescent</a>

<ul><li><a href="Electron-stimulated_luminescence" title="Electron-stimulated luminescence">Electron-stimulated</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chemiluminescence" title="Chemiluminescence">Chemiluminescent</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrochemiluminescence" title="Electrochemiluminescence">Electrochemiluminescence</a></li>

<li><a href="Electroluminescence" title="Electroluminescence">Electroluminescent</a>

<ul><li><a href="Field-induced_polymer_electroluminescent_technology" title="Field-induced polymer electroluminescent technology">field-induced polymer</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">Fluorescent</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fluorescent_lamp" title="Fluorescent lamp">Fluorescent lamp</a> (<a href="Compact_fluorescent_lamp" title="Compact fluorescent lamp">compact</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Induction_lamp#Magnetic_induction_lamps" title="Induction lamp">Fluorescent induction</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Photoluminescence" title="Photoluminescence">Photoluminescent</a>

<ul><li><a href="Headlamp#Laser" title="Headlamp">Laser headlamp</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Radioluminescence" title="Radioluminescence">Radioluminescence</a></li>

<li><a href="Solid-state_lighting" title="Solid-state lighting">Solid-state</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Combustion" title="Combustion">Combustion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carbide_lamp" title="Carbide lamp">Acetylene/Carbide</a></li>

<li><a href="Argand_lamp" title="Argand lamp">Argand</a></li>

<li><a href="Campfire" title="Campfire">Campfire</a></li>

<li><a href="Candle" title="Candle">Candle</a></li>

<li><a href="Carcel_lamp" title="Carcel lamp">Carcel</a></li>

<li><a href="Flare" title="Flare">Flare</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerosene_lamp" title="Kerosene lamp">Kerosene</a>

<ul><li><a href="Petromax" title="Petromax">Petromax</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lantern" title="Lantern">Lantern</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fanous" title="Fanous">Fanous</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_lantern" title="Paper lantern">Paper</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Limelight" title="Limelight">Limelight</a></li>

<li><a href="Luchina" title="Luchina">Luchina</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnesium_torch" title="Magnesium torch">Magnesium torch</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Qulliq" title="Qulliq">Qulliq</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rushlight" title="Rushlight">Rushlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Safety_lamp" title="Safety lamp">Safety</a></li>

<li><a href="Tilley_lamp" title="Tilley lamp">Tilley</a></li>

<li><a href="Torch" title="Torch">Torch</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Arc_lamp" title="Arc lamp">Electric arc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arc_lamp#Carbon_arc_lamp" title="Arc lamp">Carbon arc</a></li>

<li><a href="Klieg_light" title="Klieg light">Klieg light</a></li>

<li><a href="Yablochkov_candle" title="Yablochkov candle">Yablochkov candle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Gas-discharge_lamp" title="Gas-discharge lamp">Gas discharge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Deuterium_arc_lamp" title="Deuterium arc lamp">Deuterium arc</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasma_lamp" title="Plasma lamp">Plasma</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sulfur_lamp" title="Sulfur lamp">Sulfur</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Xenon_arc_lamp" title="Xenon arc lamp">Xenon arc</a></li>

<li><a href="Flashtube#Xenon" title="Flashtube">Xenon flash</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;text-align:center;"><a href="High-intensity_discharge_lamp" title="High-intensity discharge lamp">High-intensity<br>discharge <span style="font-size: 85%;">(HID)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mercury-vapor_lamp" title="Mercury-vapor lamp">Mercury-vapor</a></li>

<li><a href="Metal-halide_lamp" title="Metal-halide lamp">Metal-halide</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ceramic_metal-halide_lamp" title="Ceramic metal-halide lamp">ceramic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrargyrum_medium-arc_iodide_lamp" title="Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lamp">Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide <span style="font-size: 85%;">(HMI)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrargyrum_quartz_iodide" title="Hydrargyrum quartz iodide">Hydrargyrum quartz iodide <span style="font-size: 85%;">(HQI)</span></a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sodium-vapor_lamp" title="Sodium-vapor lamp">Sodium vapor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Light_fixture" title="Light fixture">Stationary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Incandescent_light_bulb#Common_shape_codes" title="Incandescent light bulb">Reflector</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ellipsoidal_reflector_spotlight" title="Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight">Ellipsoidal reflector</a></li>

<li><a href="Multifaceted_reflector" title="Multifaceted reflector">Multifaceted reflector</a></li>

<li><a href="Parabolic_aluminized_reflector" title="Parabolic aluminized reflector">Parabolic aluminized reflector <span style="font-size: 85%;">(PAR)</span></a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Aviation_obstruction_lighting" title="Aviation obstruction lighting">Aviation obstruction</a></li>

<li><a href="Balanced-arm_lamp" title="Balanced-arm lamp">Balanced-arm lamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Chandelier" title="Chandelier">Chandelier</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_light" title="Emergency light">Emergency light</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">Gas lighting</a></li>

<li><a href="Gooseneck_lamp" title="Gooseneck lamp">Gooseneck lamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_street_lighting" title="Intelligent street lighting">Intelligent street lighting</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_tube" title="Light tube">Light tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_characteristic" title="Light characteristic">Marine aid to navigation light</a></li>

<li><a href="Nightlight" title="Nightlight">Nightlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Neon_lighting" title="Neon lighting">Neon lighting</a></li>

<li><a href="Pendant_light" title="Pendant light">Pendant light</a></li>

<li><a href="Recessed_light" title="Recessed light">Recessed light</a></li>

<li><a href="Sconce_(light_fixture)" title="Sconce (light fixture)">Sconce</a></li>

<li><a href="Street_light" title="Street light">Street light</a>

<li><a href="Torch%C3%A8re" title="Torchère">Torchère</a></li>

<li><a href="Track_lighting" title="Track lighting">Track lighting</a></li>

<li><a href="Troffer" title="Troffer">Troffer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bicycle_lighting" title="Bicycle lighting">Bicycle lighting</a></li>

<li><a href="Flashlight" title="Flashlight">Flashlight</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mechanically_powered_flashlight" title="Mechanically powered flashlight">Mechanically powered</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactical_light" title="Tactical light">Tactical</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Glow_stick" title="Glow stick">Glow stick</a></li>

<li><a href="Headlamp" title="Headlamp">Headlamp</a>

<ul><li><a href="Headlamp_(outdoor)" title="Headlamp (outdoor)">outdoor</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lantern" title="Lantern">Lantern</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser_pointer" title="Laser pointer">Laser pointer</a></li>

<li><a href="Navigation_light" title="Navigation light">Navigation light</a></li>

<li><a href="Searchlight" title="Searchlight">Searchlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_lamp" title="Solar lamp">Solar lamp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Automotive_lighting" title="Automotive lighting">Automotive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_automotive_light_bulb_types" title="List of automotive light bulb types">Automotive light bulb types</a></li>

<li><a href="Daytime_running_lamp" title="Daytime running lamp">Daytime running lamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Headlamp" title="Headlamp">Headlamp</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hidden_headlamp" title="Hidden headlamp">hidden</a></li>

<li><a href="High-intensity_discharge_lamp" title="High-intensity discharge lamp">high-intensity discharge</a></li>

<li><a href="Parabolic_aluminized_reflector" title="Parabolic aluminized reflector">sealed beam</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_lighting#Rear_position_lights_(tail_lights)" title="Automotive lighting">Rear position lights</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_lighting#Reversing_(backup)_lights" title="Automotive lighting">Reversing lights</a></li>

<li><a href="Safety_reflector" title="Safety reflector">Safety reflector</a>

<ul><li><a href="Retroreflector" title="Retroreflector">retroreflector</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_lighting#Stop_lights_(brake_lights)" title="Automotive lighting">Stop lights</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_lighting#Turn_signals" title="Automotive lighting">Turn signals</a>

<ul><li><a href="Trafficators" title="Trafficators">trafficators</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Display</li><li><a href="Holiday_lighting_technology" title="Holiday lighting technology">Decorative</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aroma_lamp" title="Aroma lamp">Aroma lamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Blacklight" title="Blacklight">Blacklight</a></li>

<li><a href="Bubble_light" title="Bubble light">Bubble light</a></li>

<li><a href="Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Christmas lights</a></li>

<li><a href="Crackle_tube" title="Crackle tube">Crackle tube</a></li>

<li><a href="DJ_lighting" title="DJ lighting">DJ lighting</a></li>

<li><a href="Electroluminescent_wire" title="Electroluminescent wire">Electroluminescent wire</a></li>

<li><a href="Marquee_(structure)" title="Marquee (structure)">Marquee</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasma_globe" title="Plasma globe">Plasma globe</a></li>

<li><a href="Strobe_light" title="Strobe light">Strobe light</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">Theatrical</a></li><li>Cinematic</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stage_lighting_instrument#Floodlights" title="Stage lighting instrument">Floodlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Footlight" title="Footlight">Footlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Scoop_(theater)" title="Scoop (theater)">Scoop</a></li>

<li><a href="Spotlight_(theatre_lighting)" title="Spotlight (theatre lighting)">Spotlight</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ellipsoidal_reflector_spotlight" title="Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight">ellipsoidal reflector</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Stage_lighting_instrument" title="Stage lighting instrument">Stage lighting instrument</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Industrial</li><li>Scientific</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Germicidal_lamp" title="Germicidal lamp">Germicidal</a></li>

<li><a href="Grow_light" title="Grow light">Grow light</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrared_lamp" title="Infrared lamp">Infrared lamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Stroboscope" title="Stroboscope">Stroboscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanning_lamp" title="Tanning lamp">Tanning</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Battlefield_illumination" title="Battlefield illumination">Battlefield illumination</a></li>

<li><a href="Bioluminescence" title="Bioluminescence">Bioluminescence</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_art" title="Light art">Light art</a></li>

<li><a href="Luminous_gemstones" title="Luminous gemstones">Luminous gemstones</a></li>

<li><a href="Signal_lamp" title="Signal lamp">Signal lamp</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_light_sources" title="List of light sources">Sources</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_reflected_light_sources" title="List of reflected light sources">Reflected</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronic_components254" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Electronic_components254" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Electronic components</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">Semiconductor<br>devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOS <br>transistors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Transistor" title="Transistor">Transistor</a></li>

<li><a href="BiCMOS" title="BiCMOS">BiCMOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Bio-FET" title="Bio-FET">BioFET</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_field-effect_transistor" title="Chemical field-effect transistor">Chemical field-effect transistor</a> (ChemFET)</li>

<li><a href="CMOS" title="CMOS">Complementary MOS</a> (CMOS)</li>

<li><a href="Depletion-load_NMOS_logic" title="Depletion-load NMOS logic">Depletion-load NMOS</a></li>

<li><a href="FinFET" class="mw-redirect" title="FinFET">Fin field-effect transistor</a> (FinFET)</li>

<li><a href="Floating-gate_MOSFET" title="Floating-gate MOSFET">Floating-gate MOSFET</a> (FGMOS)</li>

<li><a href="Insulated-gate_bipolar_transistor" title="Insulated-gate bipolar transistor">Insulated-gate bipolar transistor</a> (IGBT)</li>

<li><a href="ISFET" title="ISFET">ISFET</a></li>

<li><a href="LDMOS" title="LDMOS">LDMOS</a></li>

<li><a href="MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOS field-effect transistor</a> (MOSFET)</li>

<li><a href="Multigate_device" title="Multigate device">Multi-gate field-effect transistor</a> (MuGFET)</li>

<li><a href="Power_MOSFET" title="Power MOSFET">Power MOSFET</a></li>

<li><a href="Thin-film_transistor" title="Thin-film transistor">Thin-film transistor</a> (TFT)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Transistor" title="Transistor">Other <br>transistors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bipolar_junction_transistor" title="Bipolar junction transistor">Bipolar junction transistor</a> (BJT)</li>

<li><a href="Darlington_transistor" title="Darlington transistor">Darlington transistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Diffused_junction_transistor" title="Diffused junction transistor">Diffused junction transistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Field-effect_transistor" title="Field-effect transistor">Field-effect transistor</a> (FET)

<ul><li><a href="JFET" title="JFET">Junction Gate FET (JFET)</a></li>

<li><a href="Organic_field-effect_transistor" title="Organic field-effect transistor">Organic FET (OFET)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Light-emitting_transistor" title="Light-emitting transistor">Light-emitting transistor</a> (LET)

<ul><li><a href="Organic_light-emitting_transistor" title="Organic light-emitting transistor">Organic LET (OLET)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pentode_transistor" title="Pentode transistor">Pentode transistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Point-contact_transistor" title="Point-contact transistor">Point-contact transistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Programmable_unijunction_transistor" title="Programmable unijunction transistor">Programmable unijunction transistor</a> (PUT)</li>

<li><a href="Static_induction_transistor" title="Static induction transistor">Static induction transistor</a> (SIT)</li>

<li><a href="Tetrode_transistor" title="Tetrode transistor">Tetrode transistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Unijunction_transistor" title="Unijunction transistor">Unijunction transistor</a> (UJT)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Diode" title="Diode">Diodes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Avalanche_diode" title="Avalanche diode">Avalanche diode</a></li>

<li><a href="Constant-current_diode" title="Constant-current diode">Constant-current diode</a> (CLD, CRD)</li>

<li><a href="Gunn_diode" title="Gunn diode">Gunn diode</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser_diode" title="Laser diode">Laser diode</a> (LD)</li>

<li><a href="Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">Light-emitting diode</a> (LED)</li>

<li><a href="OLED" title="OLED">Organic light-emitting diode</a> (OLED)</li>

<li><a href="Photodiode" title="Photodiode">Photodiode</a></li>

<li><a href="PIN_diode" title="PIN diode">PIN diode</a></li>

<li><a href="Schottky_diode" title="Schottky diode">Schottky diode</a></li>

<li><a href="Step_recovery_diode" title="Step recovery diode">Step recovery diode</a></li>

<li><a href="Zener_diode" title="Zener diode">Zener diode</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <br>devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Printed_electronics" title="Printed electronics">Printed electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">Printed circuit board</a></li>

<li><a href="Heterostructure_barrier_varactor" title="Heterostructure barrier varactor">Heterostructure barrier varactor</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">Integrated circuit</a> (IC)</li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_integrated_circuit" title="Hybrid integrated circuit">Hybrid integrated circuit</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_emitting_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Light emitting capacitor">Light emitting capacitor</a> (LEC)</li>

<li><a href="Memistor" title="Memistor">Memistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Memristor" title="Memristor">Memristor</a></li>

<li><a href="Memtransistor" title="Memtransistor">Memtransistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_cell_(computing)" title="Memory cell (computing)">Memory cell</a></li>

<li><a href="Metal-oxide_varistor" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal-oxide varistor">Metal-oxide varistor</a> (MOV)</li>

<li><a href="Mixed-signal_integrated_circuit" title="Mixed-signal integrated circuit">Mixed-signal integrated circuit</a></li>

<li><a href="MOS_integrated_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS integrated circuit">MOS integrated circuit</a> (MOS IC)</li>

<li><a href="Organic_semiconductor" title="Organic semiconductor">Organic semiconductor</a></li>

<li><a href="Photodetector" title="Photodetector">Photodetector</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_circuit" title="Quantum circuit">Quantum circuit</a></li>

<li><a href="Silicon_controlled_rectifier" title="Silicon controlled rectifier">Silicon controlled rectifier</a> (SCR)</li>

<li><a href="Solaristor" title="Solaristor">Solaristor</a></li>

<li><a href="Static_induction_thyristor" title="Static induction thyristor">Static induction thyristor</a> (SITh)</li>

<li><a href="Three-dimensional_integrated_circuit" title="Three-dimensional integrated circuit">Three-dimensional integrated circuit</a> (3D IC)</li>

<li><a href="Thyristor" title="Thyristor">Thyristor</a></li>

<li><a href="Trancitor" title="Trancitor">Trancitor</a></li>

<li><a href="TRIAC" title="TRIAC">TRIAC</a></li>

<li><a href="Varicap" title="Varicap">Varicap</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Voltage_regulator" title="Voltage regulator">Voltage regulators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Linear_regulator" title="Linear regulator">Linear regulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Low-dropout_regulator" title="Low-dropout regulator">Low-dropout regulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Switching_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Switching regulator">Switching regulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Boost_converter" title="Boost converter">Boost</a></li>

<li><a href="Buck%E2%80%93boost_converter" title="Buck–boost converter">Buck–boost</a></li>

<li><a href="Split-pi_topology" title="Split-pi topology">Split-pi</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-ended_primary-inductor_converter" title="Single-ended primary-inductor converter">SEPIC</a></li>

<li><a href="Charge_pump" title="Charge pump">Charge pump</a></li>

<li><a href="Switched_capacitor" title="Switched capacitor">Switched capacitor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">Vacuum tubes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acorn_tube" title="Acorn tube">Acorn tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Audion" title="Audion">Audion</a></li>

<li><a href="Beam_tetrode" title="Beam tetrode">Beam tetrode</a></li>

<li><a href="Hot-wire_barretter" title="Hot-wire barretter">Barretter</a></li>

<li><a href="Compactron" title="Compactron">Compactron</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_diode" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuum diode">Diode</a></li>

<li><a href="Fleming_valve" title="Fleming valve">Fleming valve</a></li>

<li><a href="Neutron_generator" title="Neutron generator">Neutron tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonode" title="Nonode">Nonode</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuvistor" title="Nuvistor">Nuvistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentagrid_converter" title="Pentagrid converter">Pentagrid</a> (Hexode, Heptode, Octode)</li>

<li><a href="Pentode" title="Pentode">Pentode</a></li>

<li><a href="Photomultiplier_tube" title="Photomultiplier tube">Photomultiplier</a></li>

<li><a href="Phototube" title="Phototube">Phototube</a></li>

<li><a href="Tetrode" title="Tetrode">Tetrode</a></li>

<li><a href="Triode" title="Triode">Triode</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">Vacuum tubes</a> (<a href="Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">RF</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Backward-wave_oscillator" title="Backward-wave oscillator">Backward-wave oscillator</a> (BWO)</li>

<li><a href="Cavity_magnetron" title="Cavity magnetron">Cavity magnetron</a></li>

<li><a href="Crossed-field_amplifier" title="Crossed-field amplifier">Crossed-field amplifier</a> (CFA)</li>

<li><a href="Gyrotron" title="Gyrotron">Gyrotron</a></li>

<li><a href="Inductive_output_tube" title="Inductive output tube">Inductive output tube</a> (IOT)</li>

<li><a href="Klystron" title="Klystron">Klystron</a></li>

<li><a href="Maser" title="Maser">Maser</a></li>

<li><a href="Sutton_tube" title="Sutton tube">Sutton tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Traveling-wave_tube" title="Traveling-wave tube">Traveling-wave tube</a> (TWT)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tubes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beam_deflection_tube" title="Beam deflection tube">Beam deflection tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Charactron" title="Charactron">Charactron</a></li>

<li><a href="Iconoscope" title="Iconoscope">Iconoscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_eye_tube" title="Magic eye tube">Magic eye tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Monoscope" title="Monoscope">Monoscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Selectron_tube" title="Selectron tube">Selectron tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Storage_tube" title="Storage tube">Storage tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Trochotron" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochotron">Trochotron</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_camera_tube" title="Video camera tube">Video camera tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Williams_tube" title="Williams tube">Williams tube</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Gas-filled_tube" title="Gas-filled tube">Gas-filled tubes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cold_cathode" title="Cold cathode">Cold cathode</a></li>

<li><a href="Crossatron" title="Crossatron">Crossatron</a></li>

<li><a href="Dekatron" title="Dekatron">Dekatron</a></li>

<li><a href="Ignitron" title="Ignitron">Ignitron</a></li>

<li><a href="Krytron" title="Krytron">Krytron</a></li>

<li><a href="Mercury-arc_valve" title="Mercury-arc valve">Mercury-arc valve</a></li>

<li><a href="Nixie_tube" title="Nixie tube">Nixie tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Thyratron" title="Thyratron">Thyratron</a></li>

<li><a href="Trigatron" title="Trigatron">Trigatron</a></li>

<li><a href="Voltage-regulator_tube" title="Voltage-regulator tube">Voltage-regulator tube</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Adjustable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Potentiometer" title="Potentiometer">Potentiometer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Digital_potentiometer" title="Digital potentiometer">digital</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Variable_capacitor" title="Variable capacitor">Variable capacitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Varicap" title="Varicap">Varicap</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Passive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Connector

<ul><li><a href="Audio_and_video_interfaces_and_connectors" title="Audio and video interfaces and connectors">audio and video</a></li>

<li><a href="AC_power_plugs_and_sockets" title="AC power plugs and sockets">electrical power</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrolytic_detector" title="Electrolytic detector">Electrolytic detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferrite_core" title="Ferrite core">Ferrite</a></li>

<li><a href="Antifuse" title="Antifuse">Antifuse</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Resettable_fuse" title="Resettable fuse">resettable</a></li>

<li><a href="EFUSE" class="mw-redirect" title="EFUSE">eFUSE</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Resistor" title="Resistor">Resistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Switch" title="Switch">Switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermistor" title="Thermistor">Thermistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformer</a></li>

<li><a href="Varistor" title="Varistor">Varistor</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Wollaston_wire" title="Wollaston wire">Wollaston wire</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Electrical_reactance" title="Electrical reactance">Reactive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Capacitor" title="Capacitor">Capacitor</a>

<ul><li><a href="Capacitor_types" title="Capacitor types">types</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ceramic_resonator" title="Ceramic resonator">Ceramic resonator</a></li>

<li><a href="Crystal_oscillator" title="Crystal oscillator">Crystal oscillator</a></li>

<li><a href="Inductor" title="Inductor">Inductor</a></li>

<li><a href="Parametron" title="Parametron">Parametron</a></li>

<li><a href="Relay" title="Relay">Relay</a>

<ul><li><a href="Reed_relay" title="Reed relay">reed relay</a></li>

<li><a href="Mercury_relay" title="Mercury relay">mercury relay</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-09-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Lightbulb_socket&oldid=1246425791">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>